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Self-refuting statement?The statement "there is no objective truth" (type E) is well-known to be self-refuting, because in order for it to be true, it has to be false. If the statement is true, then it is objective that there is no objective truth (as in, it isn't subject to artefacts like cultural bias). However, that makes the claim that there is no such thing as objectivity false. If the statement is false, then there is some sort of objective truth that exists...so the claim that there is no objectivity is also false. So, universal negatives can be self-refuting. But what about universal affirmatives? Consider the statement, "every principle has exceptions" (type A). That's elf-refuting too, isn't it? No? If the statement is true, then the principle that there is an exception to every principle implies that this principle itself has exceptions, which implies that not every statement has exceptions. The statement cannot be true. But if it is false, then the statement "every principle has exceptions" does not have exceptions - but this contradicts the idea that "every" single one of them does. The statement cannot be false. This seems asymmetrical with the first example. In the first one, the statement's truth is perplexing (but not its falsity). In the second one, they're both perplexing (because truth leads to falsity, and falsity leads to truth, creating a paradox). The first one is contradictio in adjecto, but is the second also an example of this fallacy, or a logic problem?
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asked on Wednesday, Jun 30, 2021 04:55:47 AM by TrappedPrior (RotE) | |
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Claims are constantly being made, many of which are confusing, ambiguous, too general to be of value, exaggerated, unfalsifiable, and suggest a dichotomy when no such dichotomy exists. Good critical thinking requires a thorough understanding of the claim before attempting to determine its veracity. Good communication requires the ability to make clear, precise, explicit claims, or “strong” claims. The rules of reason in this book provide the framework for obtaining this understanding and ability.
This book / online course is about the the eleven rules of reason for making and evaluating claims. Each covered in detail in the book.