Question

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noblenutria@gmail.com

All Cops are Racists - Unfalsifiability

All Cops Are Racist...

I don't believe this for many reasons, but I have friends who do.  I started to wonder how this claim would fair when tested by the criterion of falsifiability.  

Unfalsifiability from Logically Fallacious 
Description: Confidently asserting that a theory or hypothesis is true or false even though the theory or hypothesis cannot possibly be contradicted by an observation or the outcome of any physical experiment, usually without strong evidence or good reasons.

"Racist" from google dictionary
noun
noun: racist; plural noun: racists
a person who shows or feels discrimination or prejudice against people of other races, or who believes that a particular race is superior to another.
adjective
adjective: racist
showing or feeling discrimination or prejudice against people of other races, or believing that a particular race is superior to another.

Jacob
I feel that by these two definitions all one has to do to falsify the claim is to find at least one cop who is not racist.  Maybe cops could vote amongst themselves to nominate the least racist cop in the USA. Then this cop could be put on trial for racism.  There could be evidence for and against, arguments from lawyers on both sides, and deliberations from an impartial jury.  This trial would undoubtedly find the least racist cop to be objectively not racist.  The claim would be falsified.  All cops are not racist.  Some or many are racist but not all.  

Activists have other definitions of "racist" which may be unfalsifiable.  

Claim
All cops are racist because they enforce institutional racism.  Racism = Prejudice + Power

Jacob
How would I falsify this claim? 

How would I falsify the existence of institutional racism?

Wiki Definition of institutional racism
Institutional racism, also known as systemic racism, is a form of racism that is embedded as normal practice within society or an organization. 

asked on Wednesday, Oct 07, 2020 07:56:46 PM by noblenutria@gmail.com

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richard smith writes:

hasty generalization

posted on Saturday, Oct 17, 2020 09:01:53 AM

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Answers

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Night
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In my experience when people say "All cops are racist" they're referring to them participating in and enabling systems and institutions that are racist, in which racism is a form of bias or discrimination that disproportionately affects people based on their ethnicity.

 

Stuff like perpetuating stereotypes, fetishizing, all those people getting mad about taking a knee, turning a blind eye to other people's racism and refusing to acknowledge or address racial biases when brought to your attention are just as much examples of racism as saying slurs, physical violence or consciously believing in the superiority or inferiority of a particular ethnic group.

 

Basically when they say all cops are racist they mean that the very nature of their jobs require them to perpetuate racism, whether they're the ones beating people up and saying slurs or staying silent when their peers do it. Occasionally you hear about cops who actually do try to hold their peers accountable or refuse to participate in institutional racism but they get fired or quit and stop being cops.

 

There can be some problems with trying to be brief about something that needs a more verbose phrasing to accurately reflect the argument being made but it's generally expected for people to get what's actually meant by it. You're not really going to get anywhere using a different definition of racism from the one that was intended and the phrase is meant to be a short, easy way of conveying a more detailed argument you'd need to ask clarification on.

answered on Friday, Oct 16, 2020 03:06:46 PM by Night

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TrappedPrior (RotE)
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We'll assume that the policing system is indeed institutionally racist. 

If the logic is being used to make claims about individual officers and their biases, this is a classic  Non Sequitur.  You cannot infer anything about "all" cops simply because on the whole, the system shares property X (also see the Division Fallacy).

To "falsify" institutional racism, ask for examples of X (institutional racism). You can then:

a) Argue that X did not happen

b) Argue that X happened, but is not racist 

c) Argue that X happened and is racist, but is rare or no longer happening (and so irrelevant)

answered on Thursday, Oct 08, 2020 07:37:24 AM by TrappedPrior (RotE)

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noblenutria@gmail.com writes:

So it is a non sequiter because it is a division fallacy?  It does not follow that all individual police officers are racist just because the institution of policing is racist.  

I have been trying to figure out if this "equation" is falsifiable.  If it is not then it is meaningless.  
Racism = power plus privilege

Some counterarguments to this argument are...

There are powerless people people who are still racist, such as a racial-epithet-hurling pennyless hobos.  The equation believers say that if the hobo is white then he is racist because he is a member of a powerful class.  If the hobo is non-white then he is not racist because then he is not from a powerful class.  

Another argument is that non-white rich people can be racist.  The equation believers say it does not matter if non-white person is a billionaire.  If he is not white then he is not powerful.  Therefore he is not racist but merely prejudiced.  

According to the equation believers white equals powerful and non white equals not powerful.  Maybe this is the unfalsifiable part of the problem.  Maybe to the equation believers there is nothing which would prove to them that white did not equal power.  

posted on Friday, Oct 09, 2020 12:04:12 PM
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TrappedPrior (RotE) writes:
[To noblenutria@gmail.com]

So it is a non sequiter because it is a division fallacy?  It does not follow that all individual police officers are racist just because the institution of policing is racist.  

Yes, this is correct. Unless of course, they're using a forked definition of racism, in which case, you're dealing with a word game, not an argument.

Racism = power plus privilege

It is worth noting that this 'equation' is an out-of-context rip from academia. The originator intended it to be  stipulative and used alongside the normal definition of racism, to indicate that it is not symmetrical - minorities will face the brunt of any racism that takes place in society. Woke people appear to have taken it and used it to argue that one cannot be racist towards whites, which would not follow.

Aside from that, though, there are other fallacies.

Vague -  what does 'power' mean here? What 'power' are we talking about? Power to change the system? Power to discriminate? If it's the latter, does everyone not have this since everyone is  able  to discriminate? 

Division -  whites are overall the most powerful (in terms of resources) racial group in the U.S. Does that mean all whites have 'power'? We cannot infer this, as evidenced by the existence of poor whites.

Incongruous  - what sort of 'racism' is even being defined here? It appears to be describing institutional racism at the expense of individual occurrences of discrimination. If a black person (A) tells a white person (B) that they're lesser than them because they're white, where's the institution backing me up? If it does not exist, does that mean that a clearly racially discriminatory message ceases to be 'racist'? If we reverse the roles and B is racist to A, there's no institution backing them up either - they're just a random racist white person. Is this act also racist?

The third one is important. I've seen people on Twitter argue that discriminatory statements targeting whites are either a) not racist, just 'racially prejudiced' or b) not a problem, because there's no 'institutional effect' - but is this not the case for all isolated instances of racism? If I scream the n-word at someone, there's no 'institutional effect' either.

[ login to reply ] posted on Friday, Oct 09, 2020 01:05:57 PM
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noblenutria@gmail.com writes:

Thanks

This helps me because most of my friends believe this racism=prejudice plus power, white people are born racist, black people by definition can't be racist and it has been a morbid hobby of mine to study these arguments and try to counter them.  

I have ascertained from equation believers that white people have all the power until institutional racism is torn down.  After that there is no institutional effect and white people are no longer born racist and black people can be racist to white people.  

This is a way in which the equation is unfalsifiable because the institution of racism might never be torn down to the satisfaction of the equation believers.  Racism has gotten tamer over the years in that the worst types of overt racism are on the decline, but smaller types of racism arise in the public consciousness, like racist microagressions, so institutional racism may never end, so white people will always have all the power, and the assertion that white people will stop being institutionally racist eventually in unfalsifiable.  

I think the "its not racist its racially prejudiced" argument is a distinction with no difference fallacy: as if racist insults are bad and a racially prejudiced insults are giving someone good advice or something.  

posted on Friday, Oct 09, 2020 11:30:15 PM
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DrBill
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Any overgeneralization is defeated by a single counterexample, imo.

answered on Thursday, Oct 08, 2020 04:18:00 PM by DrBill

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GoblinCookie writes:

Since this is not a Scientific statement, unfalsifiability does not really matter.  It is also quite falsifiable, since if only one cop is found not to be a racist then the statement is falsified.

The statement would work better if they said Most Cops are Racist.  But that is not how rhetoric works unfortunately, people prefer absolute claims even though they are rarely true.  

posted on Wednesday, Oct 14, 2020 08:53:35 AM