Premise 1: Certain patterns in nature are only known to come from an intelligent agent. Premise 2: Those patterns are observed inside of a cell. Conclusion: An intelligent agent is responsible for those patterns.
Is this argument valid? Cogent? Is this the white swan fallacy? (All swans are white, therefore the next swan will be white.)
asked on Wednesday, Jan 22, 2020 03:07:24 PM by Brenda
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Thank you for your swift responses. I asked this question because it is common for ID proponents to point to molecular machines as implying design. It is not my argument, I am trying to figure out how to respond to it. I have seen animations of cellular machines and they are truly amazing and seem to give most people a strongly intuitive sense a designer must be responsible. Secondly, evolution argues from analogy that similar morphology indicates common descent. That is how genetic tests work. My DNA closely resembles that of my parent's so it is likely I am their descendant.
So it seems like the above argument is (??) a cogent inductive inference. I have that correct? So my best response would be to question the premises and not it's form? After all, science makes use of induction, "All the swans we've seen so far are white, therefore it is likely the next swan will be white", which is a cogent inductive inference. Thank you for your time.
answered on Wednesday, Jan 22, 2020 05:55:04 PM by Brenda
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Bill
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The problem is with Premise #2, which is an empirical question. The syllogism is logically valid, but the facts are wrong.
answered on Wednesday, Jan 22, 2020 03:38:32 PM by Bill
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Bo Bennett, PhD
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Recall a rule of the syllogism: When all the premises are true and the syllogism is correctly constructed, a syllogism is an ironclad logical argument. We are not dealing with that here because we are making a claim of certainty from one of probability. Let's use the black swan example you referenced: This is like saying swans observed are only known to be white. Therefore, all swans ARE white. Besides this, the premises are very problematic.
My response to any attempt that this intelligent design argument is simple; just replace "intelligent agent" with "flawed, imperfect, sinful agent" :) This is just as "true" and will cancel out the logic for any god one is proposing.
answered on Wednesday, Jan 22, 2020 04:34:04 PM by Bo Bennett, PhD
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mchasewalker
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Right off the bat:
Premise 1:
Certain patterns in nature are only known to come from an intelligent agent
.
This is most certainly a petitio principii, as it conclusively states what has never been proven. I would counter this by citing the volumes of evidence that show how various patterns in nature evolve through natural selection, etc.
Dawkins, Richard. The Blind Watchmaker. Norton, 1986. Perakh, Mark. Unintelligent Design. Prometheus Books, 2004. Young, Matt and Taner Edis. Why Intelligent Design Fails, A Scientific Critique of the New Creationism. Rutgers University Press, 2004. Robert T., ed. Intelligent Design Creationism and Its Critics. Philosophical Theological, and Scientific Perspectives. MIT Press, 2001. Shermer, Michael. How We Believe, Science, Skepticism, and the Search for God." 2nd ed. Freeman, 2000. Smith, George H. Atheism, the Case Against God. Prometheus, 1979. ( and a hundred more)
The rest of the syllogism is entirely Circular.
The best argument against ID is to cite the results of a Case Western study:
According to a study from Case Western University, over the last 20 years there were 20,000,000 scientific papers published out of which 150,000 dealt with evolution. Out of those 150,000 peer-reviewed papers approximately 88 were on Intelligent Design and submitted by Christian Mechanical Engineers and not Evolutionary biologists. It is important to know that teaching Intelligent Design in public school is illegal in this country and the UK.
answered on Thursday, Jan 23, 2020 09:59:12 AM by mchasewalker
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mchasewalker
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Equivocation: "Using an ambiguous term in more than one sense, thus making an argument misleading." In Premise 1, "certain patterns" is an ambiguous term. In Premise 2, "those patterns" is misleadingly equated (equivocation) to patterns observed as being intelligently designed.
answered on Friday, Jan 24, 2020 02:26:46 PM by mchasewalker
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Daniel
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From ID books I have read, such as Signature in the Cell by Stephen Meyer, the main argument for Intelligent design is more like this:
….......
DNA is a form of encoded information (not just a pattern, but actual encoded information, using a type of language, analogous to the code in software, that is read by molecular machines in the cell and translated into instructions for the formation of various molecular substances that form the basis of the living cell.)
No known natural process has been observed to create information, and the only known source of information creation is intelligent agents (humans who use language to create books, software and the computers that read it etc.)
It therefore follows that the most likely explanation for the existence of the encoded information in DNA is an intelligent agent and not a blind, unguided, natural process .
….......
I think this is a sound argument and a very strong one as well. As far as I know, there have been no scientific studies or experiments showing natural processes creating information. Patterns maybe, but not information and especially not a complete information processing system that not only gives rise to information, but that can read and interpret that information as well.
If anyone knows of a study in which natural processes give rise to information, I would really like to see it, as I open to new information myself and so far I have found nothing like that in my own research on the subject. Here I will point out that mutations in the genome can and will sometimes rearrange, delete, copy and paste or duplicate parts of the information content in the DNA, but this is not the creation of new information such as would be required for the development of novel body features in a creature, such as an eye or limb where there was none before. The information to describe these features has to come from somewhere. So far I don't believe science has observed a natural process that can achieve this.
One of the points ID proponents make is that SETI, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, scans space for incoming information, as a sign of an intelligent agent. No one is going to receive encoded information coming from space and just say: 'Well, its just nature giving rise to information, nothing unusual about that.' They are going to consider it a great discovery and breakthrough in the search for intelligence. Why do scientists not respond the same way when hey find information encoded in the cell? Perhaps because they have a prior commitment to materialism and are unable to allow for an intelligent agent to have designed the information and information reading systems in the cell.
answered on Friday, Jan 24, 2020 11:27:33 PM by Daniel
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Stefanwrites:
I appreciate your thoughtful response, especially the comments about SETI. It's interesting you mention it and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence because this effort highlights the fact that there are certain criteria that scientists use in distinguishing naturally occurring phenomena from artificial (or intelligently designed) ones. For instance, in the 1960's SETI scientists were all aflutter when they discovered what appeared to be an artificial signal with their array. In the end, it turned out to be a pulsar that was emitting radio signals in regular intervals and is now humorously referred to as LGM-1 ("little green men"). My point is this, just as these SETI scientists projected intelligence onto a naturally occuring phenomena, is it possible that adherents to ID are engaged in a similar kind of projection?
posted on Friday, Mar 01, 2024 03:46:27 PM
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Danielwrites: [To Stefan Schiavone]
Discovering pulsars make repeating radio patterns only makes my point here again:
'No known natural process has been observed to create information...'
If the text on this page were one word repeated over and over and over, it would be like a pulsar. Nothing to read into. DNA laguage is more like our conversation, and so far no other things in the universe seem to be doing this writing stuff, on machines much like DNA information processing systems.
Do you see the difference? Do you think only random accdents can result in these extraordinary systems because that is all the universe willl ever be? Or are you open to exploring the design model alongside the standard evolutionary view to make a fair comparison? You know, science. Not too many people around here are into it when it comes to origins, they already know everything.
[ login to reply ] posted on Sunday, Mar 03, 2024 06:53:01 AM
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Stefanwrites:
You are correct in asserting that the spontaneous arrangement of complex genetic material has never been observed by scientists either in nature or or in the lab. A fact which has led some to postulate what is known as the "metabolism-first" hypothesis. This is idea that metabolic processes developed in early life first before RNA. The spontaneous generation of organic molecules from inorganic chemical processes is something that scientists have observed occuring in nature. If this is indeed the case, then scientists would have a path forward to definitively prove abiogenesis. So I pose a similar challenge to you. Are you open to considering the possibility that life can spontaneously arise from nonliving sources? This need not mean the end of theism as we know it. Much in the same way that Galileo's verification of Coppernicus' heliocentric model caused a stir in its day, new scientific discoveries give us all the opportunity to pause and reevaluate our beliefs and understanding of the nature of the universe.
posted on Sunday, Mar 03, 2024 03:01:14 PM
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Danielwrites: [To Stefan Schiavone]
It is clear you make the usual assumptions regarding creationist thinkers and ideas. This is understandable, as the propaganda against any questioning of evolution, and any notion of design in nature or the universe is absolute and dictatorial in our scientific community, education, media, entertainment, and all other aspects of the 'authoritative' information-sphere. I know this extra well because I have studied evolution, origin of life (several theories, including the one you mention), and the history of life on earth as part of a geoscience degree, plus I just live in this society.
As expected by anyone who has honestly accounted for both interpretations (evolution and design), and their explanatory power, the entire class on the history of life was absurd. Just a vague narrative with lots of artists impressions and some science words. No explanation, no mechanisms, no compelling evidence. But the students don't notice BECAUSE THEY ALREADY KNOW THE CONCLUSION IS TRUE, EVERYONE DOES (and they need it to be true for the metaphysical comfort it brings), A GOOD EXPLANATION ISNT NECESSARY AND ISNT LOOKED FOR.
This is backwards science of course, starting with the answer (evolution must have occurred), and forcing everything else to conform with it (life must begin from non-living matter in a random, accidental way), REGARDLESS OF A COMPLETE LACK OF COMPELLING EVIDENCE FOR THE INTITIAL IDEA.
I'm fairly certain you've never looked into creationist interpretations, except where they are being misrepresented and ridiculed, that's a prejudice I have about evolution promoters that has always held true. So, do you want some links to quality ID and Creationist sources? Or do you want to just stop posting, so the thread disappears quietly, like the other times I've challenged evolutionary theory on this site?
I'm ready to type all day on this topic.
[ login to reply ] posted on Tuesday, Mar 05, 2024 08:29:43 AM
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Stefanwrites:
You should probably know that I grew up in the evangelical church and was born and bred in literal 6th day creationism. I'm very familiar with the arguments because I grew up with voices like Ken Hamm, Michael Behe, and Guillermo Gonzalez. So your assumption that my views are simply the result of youthful indoctrination and failure to adequately consider both sides is patently untrue.
My rejection of ID as a viable scientific explanation for the origins of life is the result of my own personal experiences and intellectual journey. It's interesting that your contention with the standard evolutionary model as a foregone conclusion is precisely my primary contention with ID. In my experience, ID proponents begin with the conclusion first and cherry pick facts to support their thesis.
In any case, I am sorry that your own journey has resulted in feelings marginalization because of your beliefs. Please know I do not bear any ill will towards you because of your position. If you're interested in a civil conversation, I'd be more than happy to engage. But I think it would help if we actually listened to one another instead of just assuming we know where the other is coming from.
posted on Tuesday, Mar 05, 2024 11:55:34 AM
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Danielwrites:
[To Stefan Schiavone]
Ok, I was wrong, and being a dick, sorry.
Can you tell me how the wing developed, step by step, from a random mutated lump of flesh, into a fully usable flying apparatus?
If you can do that with the wing, or any other body feature of any creature, I will discuss your model of natural adaptation and change, otherwise, there is no evolutionary model to discuss, just the usual vague narative lacking evidence or even a logical model that be thought about, existing purely on its cultural dominance and peoples fear of being ridiculed, mocked and dismissed (or simply ignored, if people are pretending to be really virtuous intellectuals on websites, where they cant just call you names and laugh along with the other cool people in the social setting), if they have a different intuition or conclusion about life.
I do not refer to natural selection, the observed process by which existing genetic information is selectively expressed and fixed in a population. That doesn't create new things like wings, radar systems, geomagnetic navigation, or the ability to completely metamorphose into a totally different type of creature, that can also fly when its original form was based on walking with legs.
When you have a mechanism that can explain the appearance of these things, then we have a model to discuss. I've never met anyone who can do this, maybe you will surprise me again. Good luck.
[ login to reply ] posted on Tuesday, Mar 05, 2024 03:18:24 PM
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Stefanwrites: [To Daniel]
I suppose that would depend on what kind of wing you're referring to. There are bat's wings, bird's wings, insect wings, the wings of flying squirrels and sugar gliders. Even the pectoral fins of flying fish allow them to glide like wings. You're going to have to be more specific.
[ login to reply ] posted on Tuesday, Mar 05, 2024 09:57:56 PM
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Danielwrites: [To Stefan Schiavone]
Here's an honest evolutionist, for once:
'Our willingness to accept scientific claims that are against common sense is the key to an understanding of the real struggle between science and the supernatural. We take the side of science in spite of the patent absurdity of some of its constructs, in spite of its failure to fulfill many of its extravagant promises of health and life, in spite of the tolerance of the scientific community for unsubstantiated just-so stories, because we have a prior commitment, a commitment to materialism.
It is not that the methods and institutions of science somehow compel us to accept a material explanation of the phenomenal world, but, on the contrary, that we are forced by our a priori adherence to material causes to create an apparatus of investigation and a set of concepts that produce material explanations, no matter how counter-intuitive, no matter how mystifying to the uninitiated.
Moreover, that materialism is absolute, for we cannot allow a Divine Foot in the door.'
.................................
A debate only exists because alternative thinkers are gaslit into being intimidated by absolute fools in suits on television and websites who desperately need to be seen as intelligent and progressive, without feeling the need to actually be those things. They don't say the honest truth about thier worldview, because then they would be exposed as fakes and frauds with zero substance to thier ideas, and people would laugh and free their minds.
Evolution doesn't exist, there is no model, no mechanism, no process to investigate, analyse or discuss. It always was, and always will be, a scientific and intellectual dead end. Anyone who believes in it simply hasn't started thinking yet.
[ login to reply ] posted on Tuesday, Mar 05, 2024 07:21:59 PM
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Stefanwrites:
"Evolution doesn't exist, there is no model, no mechanism, no process to investigate, analyse or discuss. It always was, and always will be, a scientific and intellectual dead end. Anyone who believes in it simply hasn't started thinking yet." It seems that you've declared yourself the winner of this debate without having made a single argument. I also take issue with the notion that if a person doesn't agree with you, it automatically must mean they haven't sufficiently thought through their position (and that you have). This is quite a presumptuous statement, however simply asserting the superiority of your position doesn't make it so. I see you've quoted Richard Lewontin in your comments about evolution. Allow me to borrow another quote from him. “For Darwinian biology the organism is the nexus of the internal and external forces. It is only through natural selection of internally produced variations, which happen to match by chance the externally generated environmental demands, that what is outside and what is inside confront each other.” I personally think this is such a beautiful statement as it concisely summarizes the theory of evolution, an idea which has withstood almost 200 years of rigorous investigation and critique. It draws evidence from virtually every scientific discipline from paleontology, geology, biochemistry, particle physics, astronomy, and genetics.
Before I go on, I think I should tell you a little about myself. I'm a science teacher who studied biology at a private Christian university. It was during that time that I bagan to question some of the assumptions of my religious upbringing. Like you, I know what it's like to be in the minority. Now I could have blindly followed what I had always been taught in my youth, it certainly would have made life easier. But the more I learned about science, the more questions I had. I began to see the flaws and misunderstandings in the arguments I had been spoon-fed as a child. Having said this, don't assume that I have totally shut myself off from considering of the possibility of God. Science, however, is the study of the natural world and therefore is incapable of verifying or refuting once-and-for-all existence and nature of the supernatural. Therefore, I don't believe that arguments for God are essentially arguments against evolution and deep time. Conversely, arguments for evolution need not be arguments against the divine. Intelligence and quality of thought can be found among both theists and atheists. The strength of a position is not in its conclusion, but the road traveled to reach that conclusion.
posted on Tuesday, Mar 05, 2024 09:40:25 PM
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Danielwrites:
[To Stefan]
Dawkins quote is poetic, and that's nice, but it doesn't explain. I want an explanation, based on evidence and logic, of the evolutionary mechanism, or process? What about the wing? Do you have any ideas how it developed? 'Scientists' do, look it up, it's quite amusing. Oh, and yes, it has to happen multiple times, accidentally, and independently. You can pick any wing you like, I just want a step by step explanation of how it came to be. Just get us from dead rocks to flying creatures and I'm all ears.
'an idea which has withstood almost 200 years of rigorous investigation and critique. It draws evidence from virtually every scientific discipline from paleontology, geology, biochemistry, particle physics, astronomy, and genetics.'
This is where you are supposed to recount that history of rigourous testing (just metioning it isn't enough outside a university class or television documentary (we are doing science here, not propaganda, so we need explantions. evidence etc.), and present the evidence from these fields that support the explanatory model (which I'm still waiting for, and can't find anywhere in the world.)
[ login to reply ] posted on Tuesday, Mar 05, 2024 10:48:43 PM
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Stefanwrites:
Listen, I could go into the history of theropods and site examples of fossilized evidence of intermediary forms. But why stop at the wing, you could ask how did limbs develop from fins, or bones and muscle from soft jelly-like bodies. The bottom line is that I'm not going to recount for you here an in-depth and exhaustive analysis of the morphological development of various anatomical features in living things. Primarily because I honestly don't possess that degree of knowledge. But that doesn't mean the information's not out there. If you're really curious about how an evolutionary scientist might answer your question, then do some research. You don't even have to agree with it to seek to understand it.
I suppose the essential questions one must ask concerning the merits of evolution are these:
1. Is it possible for the DNA of organisms to be changed by random mutation?
2. Is it possible these mutations can increase the likelihood of an organism's ability to survive in its environment and reproduce thus passing on these changes to its offspring?
3. Is it possible that given enough time, these minute changes can accumulate in a myriad of different ways to account for the diversity of life we see around us today?
If you can answer yes to these three questions then it would seem that evolution is indeed a plausible idea. If you have contentions or disagreements with these statements, well then we can talk about them. I look forward to it.
posted on Wednesday, Mar 06, 2024 12:03:59 AM
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Danielwrites: [To Stefan]
You missed this:
'Do you have any ideas how it developed? 'Scientists' do, look it up, it's quite amusing.'
What I meant by that is that I have researched the explanations for the wing, and they are absurdly laughable. All you need to do is type: 'How did the wing evolve?' and you can enjoy the comedy too, it's easy. That's not my job, anyway, I asked you for an explanation, not the other way around.
My position is there is no explanation to talk about, and nothing you have said changes that belief. Maybe look up your side of the debate and try using that material to argue, that's how |I usually debate things if I'm not sure why I even believe it yet. If you really don't want to google stuff, I will compile a short essay on the most popular absurdities of evolution, post them, and you can defend your position with those ideas.
You also missed this it seems:
'Which I'm still waiting for, and can't find anywhere in the world.'
Kind of saying the same thing.
You said:
1. Is it possible for the DNA of organisms to be changed by random mutation?
Is it possible these mutations can increase the likelihood of an organism's ability to survive in its environment and reproduce thus passing on these changes to its offspring?
3. Is it possible that given enough time, these minute changes can accumulate in a myriad of different ways to account for the diversity of life we see around us today?
Thank you for making my point crystal clear, you don't know what you're talking about because THERE IS NOTHING TO TALK ABOUT. NOBODY HAS A PROCESS, EXPLANATION OR MECHANISM FOR THE EVOLUTION OF CREATURE MORPHOLOGY. It doesn't exist and it never will because its a stupid idea that doesn't work. People don't think they need one because the super smart scientists just tell them the conclusion and hope the people never think it through too hard.
There is no model, only vague possibilities and pie in the sky physical miracles that fly in the face of everything we observe about nature.
Dr Lewin puts it perfectly: its a stupid idea, but the only way to banish God from the culture. Why not just admit that this is also your worldview and agenda? Why the games and avoidance?
[ login to reply ] posted on Wednesday, Mar 06, 2024 01:51:48 AM
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Danielwrites: [To Daniel]
Aren't any of the other elite intellectual experts on logic and science around here going to jump in and defend the Gov/Corp origin narrative?
C'mon guys. I know Dr Bo can't handle it, he always dropped out of these threads once I started, but someone must have SOME knowledge of their super logical and sense-making explanation for life that absolutly everyone must believe in or be rejected from society and the intellectual community. Anyone?
I'm bored.
[ login to reply ] posted on Wednesday, Mar 06, 2024 02:19:10 AM
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