Question

...
Ed F

What Is This Fallacy?

What is the fallacy of reaching a conclusion first and then searching for anything to support it?  

Seems like this is a basic fallacy (and may have been discussed recently), but I can't put my finger on it.

asked on Saturday, Feb 12, 2022 11:17:42 AM by Ed F

Top Categories Suggested by Community

Comments

Want to get notified of all questions as they are asked? Update your mail preferences and turn on "Instant Notification."

Eat Meat... Or Don't.

Roughly 95% of Americans don’t appear to have an ethical problem with animals being killed for food, yet all of us would have a serious problem with humans being killed for food. What does an animal lack that a human has that justifies killing the animal for food but not the human?

As you start to list properties that the animal lacks to justify eating them, you begin to realize that some humans also lack those properties, yet we don’t eat those humans. Is this logical proof that killing and eating animals for food is immoral? Don’t put away your steak knife just yet.

In Eat Meat… Or Don’t, we examine the moral arguments for and against eating meat with both philosophical and scientific rigor. This book is not about pushing some ideological agenda; it’s ultimately a book about critical thinking.

Get 20% off this book and all Bo's books*. Use the promotion code: websiteusers

* This is for the author's bookstore only. Applies to autographed hardcover, audiobook, and ebook.

Get the Book

Answers

...
Bo Bennett, PhD
2

This is the confirmation bias , but also can be adhoc reasoning . I see this more as a bias than a fallacy.

answered on Saturday, Feb 12, 2022 11:57:16 AM by Bo Bennett, PhD

Bo Bennett, PhD Suggested These Categories

Comments

...
0
Ed F writes:

I was thinking of Confirmation Bias but this strikes me as faulty reasoning--a fallacy.  It appears related to jumping to conclusions.   I notice some writers refer to what I described as the "a priori fallacy". https://www2.humboldt.edu/act/HTML/tests/fallacy3/3.1a.html

2 questions:

1)  (I know this has been discussed before):  Doesn't a bias (which refers to a mental state, such as a way of looking at the world), become a fallacy when it results in a faulty argument?   As a result of a bias, the proponent makes an argument using faulty reasoning.  

2) I noticed at least one fallacy on the website (there may be more) that isn't in your 2021 book.  Do you continuously update your website, including adding fallacies and/ or editing fallacies as needed?  Do you ever remove fallacies?

posted on Saturday, Feb 12, 2022 12:42:01 PM
...
0
TrappedPrior (RotE) writes:
[To Ed F]

I was thinking of Confirmation Bias but this strikes me as faulty reasoning--a fallacy.  It appears related to jumping to conclusions. 

Jumping to conclusions is reaching a premature conclusion without taking the time to reason through the argument or decision. E.g. a young couple see a nice-looking house, and decide to buy it immediately, without checking it out physically (or with very superficial checks).

The OP talks about picking a conclusion, then looking for evidence to support it - that's confirmation bias (not a fallacy) - it's a systemic tendency to support evidence that confirms one's point-of-view. If you assume something to be true, it's easier to interpret new evidence as 'confirming' that belief.

1)  (I know this has been discussed before):  Doesn't a bias (which refers to a mental state, such as a way of looking at the world), become a fallacy when it results in a faulty argument?   As a result of a bias, the proponent makes an argument using faulty reasoning.  

Yes, but it has to be in the form of an argument. E.g. in the context of a debate, picking a conclusion and then looking for evidence to back it up might be considered cherry picking. The tendency to confirm one's own views on its own is not a faulty argument, because it isn't an argument. It's just a state of mind.

2) I noticed at least one fallacy on the website (there may be more) that isn't in your 2021 book.  Do you continuously update your website, including adding fallacies and/ or editing fallacies as needed?  Do you ever remove fallacies?

Firstly, yes, Dr Bo updates the website with new fallacies, either based on his own research/observations or by the suggestion of members (of course, he'd have to research those too). Second, from what I remember, he is working on a new edition of Logically Fallacious, which will contain the new fallacies he's introduced (e.g. fact-to-fiction fallacy or imposter fallacy).

I don't recall him ever removing a fallacy...though I've only been here since March 2020, so I probably don't know much.
 

 

[ login to reply ] posted on Saturday, Feb 12, 2022 03:34:39 PM
...
0
Shawn writes:

As with many fallacies, they overlap, so there is a little bit of all those things in your original comment. 

posted on Saturday, Feb 12, 2022 01:21:57 PM
...
1
Ed F writes:
[To Shawn]

We talked about something similar when we were discussing Double Standard  and Special Pleading.   You can start with a biased way of looking at things (like Double Standard) and then apply that bias to make fallacious arguments (Special Pleading).   It would seem that reaching a conclusion first and then arguing with anything you can to support it is fallacious reasoning--resulting from bias such as Confirmation Bias..

[ login to reply ] posted on Saturday, Feb 12, 2022 04:26:04 PM