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Bertrand Russell and his tea pot analology

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Original Question

Let's see if readers can detect any logical fallacies in Bertrand Russell's thinking below. Note, this is not a debate on the existence or non-existence of God, but a focus on what Russell is saying here:

In an article titled "Is There a God?" commissioned, but never published, by Illustrated magazine in 1952, Bertrand Russell wrote:

"Many orthodox people speak as though it were the business of sceptics to disprove received dogmas rather than of dogmatists to prove them. This is, of course, a mistake. If I were to suggest that between the Earth and Mars there is a china teapot revolving about the sun in an elliptical orbit, nobody would be able to disprove my assertion provided I were careful to add that the teapot is too small to be revealed even by our most powerful telescopes. But if I were to go on to say that, since my assertion cannot be disproved, it is intolerable presumption on the part of human reason to doubt it, I should rightly be thought to be talking nonsense.   If, however, the existence of such a teapot were affirmed in ancient books, taught as the sacred truth every Sunday, and instilled into the minds of children at school, hesitation to believe in its existence would become a mark of eccentricity and entitle the doubter to the attentions of the psychiatrist in an enlightened age or of the Inquisitor in an earlier time." (Source  Russell, Bertrand (1952). "Is There a God? [1952]". In Slater, John G. (ed.). The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, Vol. 11: Last Philosophical Testament, 1943–68)


In 1958, Russell elaborated on the analogy:


"I ought to call myself an agnostic; but, for all practical purposes, I am an atheist. I do not think the existence of the Christian God any more probable than the existence of the Gods of Olympus or Valhalla. To take another illustration: nobody can prove that there is not between the Earth and Mars a china teapot revolving in an elliptical orbit, but nobody thinks this sufficiently likely to be taken into account in practice. I think the Christian God just as unlikely." (Source:  Garvey, Brian (2010). "Absence of Evidence, Evidence of Absence, and the Atheist's Teapot". Ars Disputandi. 10 (1): 9–22. doi:10.1080/15665399.2010.10820011. S2CID 37528278)


What do you all say? 

Comments on Question

I am not sure if it counts as a fallacy, but there is a key weakness in his argument.  If a man with a telescope spots a celestial teapot, a blind man cannot argue because he personally cannot ever see the teapot that there isn't a teapot because the teapot is unlikely. 


The logical problem is the assumption that people's sensory abilities as regard objects are equal (they aren't).  If detecting divinities depends upon a sensory ability that only some people have and all those possessing that ability are Theists, we could conclude the existence of divinities proven even if the majority of people lack that ability. 


Even if most people are blind, the blind person still cannot argue that what the sighted person sees does not exist.

Answers

5

Here we go again with the feeble barrage of petitio from the puerile, ever-wistful, and misological theist who cannot accept that his doctrinarian agenda has no basis in logic and is hopelessly immersed in faith, dogmatic mimetics, confirmation bias, and eternal woo.


It's a classic Dunning-Kruger cognitive bias where one is too ideologically impaired to either ask, answer, or even comprehend the logical answers to the deceptively loaded questions they persistently pose with the sole secret purpose of entrapping their more critically astute peers. Ohhhhh, scary!


Here's a helpful hint: it doesn't work. We have dozens of such theistic sophists who appear in this forum only to disappear faster than a washroom attendant at MacDonald's.


Moreover, not only are they appallingly bad spellers but their grasp of reasoning and identifying fallacies is way, way out of their intellectual grasp. But you gotta give 'em a D for effort.


Terrific if you wish to come here and learn, but make no mistake that your obvious agenda is painfully apparent to us all. 


Here's another hint: Your avatar of the Eucharistic benison is not as cryptic as you think.


So let us begin:


1.) Analogy is spelled a-n-a-l-o-g-y not "analology" (sic). Although I can easily interpret the latter misdefiniendum to refer to the study of speaking out of one's posterior. (Freudian slip? Me thinks so!)


2.)  " Let's see if readers can detect any logical fallacies in Bertrand Russell's thinking below."


And when did you stop beating your wife?


If this confounds you - good!  You can look it up and try exercising those critically lapsed thinking skills currently occupied by your evangelical aspirations.


There are no fallacies in Bertrand Russell's Tea Pot analogy.


it is a strong analogy and has been widely affirmed and cited by distinguished philosophers, scientists, and world-class thinkers for decades.


The purpose of the analogy has zero do with the existence of God, but whether that existence can be disproven or not. It was intentionally devised "to illustrate that the philosophic burden of proof lies upon a person making unfalsifiable claims, rather than shifting the burden of disproof to others." 


Hence, the analogy. 


If we were to syllogize it for more critical analysis it would reason out something like this:


The Christian view of God can be compared to the unlikely hypothesis of an invisible teapot elliptically orbiting between Earth and Mars.


Neither the Christian view nor the Invisible teapot hypothesis can be disproven even with the most powerful of telescopes.


Therefore they are both hypothetically equal, unfalsifiable, and/or by extension provable. 


Works for me!


 

(Putting my atheist bias to one side)


This is a fair analogy, effectively remarking on the burden of proof. Russell is saying that 1) it is up to the proponent to prove their claims, not the sceptic to prove them false (as the proponent sets the terms of discussion by defining what it is they seek to prove), and 2) claims should not be unfalsifiable (and if they are, it is wrong to confidently assert them).


You can disagree with the premises. You might believe that there is actual evidence for God that is compelling in a way that the teapot is not. This would cause you to dispute the analogy.


(It should also be noted that Russell's logic doesn't just apply to the God Debate, but also to any conversation where someone makes an untestable claim, demands that sceptics refute it, then claims that because they struggle to do so, no one should doubt them - which is an argument from ignorance).

Russell himself commits no fallacies, but simply describes the fallacy of trying to reverse the burden of proof.


If not an actual fallacy, his teapot example is really an unfair analogy. It's perfectly normal to look at life and the amazing universe and believe in a creator (God, Yahooty or whatever), but by no stretch of the imagination is it likely that a china teapot is orbiting the sun - it's just plain silly.

Still, both examples do press home the same point - the burden of proof lies with the person making the claim, not the opponent to disproove the clame.

(that last bit was for Mchasewalker) :)

Russell's teapot might be an example of "appeal to ridicule." The example Bo uses in his book is when you compare the belief in God to belief in the Easter Bunny. Of course, there are other examples like the Flying Spaghetti Moster. But then, my question is, where do we draw the line between a legitimate analogy and a fallacious parody?


Ultimately, however, I see Russell's teapot more as a literary device than as a logical fallacy because his main point is that the burden of proof for the God proposition is on the shoulders of the believer. He used the teapot analogy to make the point that, to him, the existence of God seems as unlikely as that of a celestial teapot. 

While the burden of proof is always  on the person making the claim and that would also apply to the person saying there is no God. There are a lot of things we do not know and I think everyone can agree on that. At one time one could not prove the number of planets in the solar system or even hydrodynamics but that did not mean they did not exist back than and than by magic they did once we proved it. The whole issue with God or no God really is just an opinion.

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