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Practical explanations, examples, and critical-thinking guidance.
New to the site? Start with the archive discussion on Fallacies, then compare a concrete library entry such as Slippery Slope.
71 articles published
Appeal to Common Belief: When Popularity Replaces Logic
Learn how the appeal to common belief fallacy tricks you into accepting ideas just because many people believe them. Spo...
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Explain Critical Thinking: A Practical Guide Beyond the Buzzword
Critical thinking isn't just a buzzword. Learn what it actually means, why it matters, and how to apply it to evaluate a...
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Appeal to Pity Fallacy: Manipulating Sympathy Instead of Logic
Learn how the appeal to pity fallacy uses emotional manipulation to bypass rational argument. Recognize emotional exploi...
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Begging the Question Fallacy: When Arguments Assume Their Own Conclusion
Learn how to identify begging the question—a fallacy where arguments assume what they're trying to prove. See real examp...
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Appeal to Tradition Fallacy: Why "We've Always Done It This Way" Isn't an Argument
Learn how the appeal to tradition fallacy tricks us into accepting ideas simply because they're old. Spot this reasoning...
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False Dilemma Fallacy: How to Spot Either-Or Arguments
Learn how to recognize false dilemma fallacies, where arguments present only two options when more exist. Spot either-or...
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Ad Hominem Definition: How to Recognize Personal Attacks in Arguments
Learn the ad hominem definition, how it works as a logical fallacy, and how to spot personal attacks masquerading as leg...
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How to Develop Critical Thinking Skills and Avoid Common Reasoning Errors
Learn practical strategies to strengthen your critical thinking abilities and recognize logical fallacies before they de...
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How to Spot the Post Hoc Fallacy in Arguments
Learn how to spot the post hoc fallacy in arguments, avoid confusing sequence with causation, and test whether one event...
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How to Spot the Burden of Proof Fallacy in Arguments
Learn how to spot the burden of proof fallacy, when someone shifts proof onto others instead of supporting their own cla...
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How to Spot the Equivocation Fallacy in Arguments
Learn how to spot the equivocation fallacy in arguments, including word-switching tricks, examples, and a simple checkli...
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How to Spot the Tu Quoque Fallacy in Arguments
Learn how to spot the tu quoque fallacy in arguments, why it’s persuasive, and how to respond without derailing the conv...
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